A branch of science which tells us about composition, properties and behaviour of matter is known as chemistry. In this blog you will find out about the complete syllabus in class 12 chemistry for the current academic year 2024-25.
There are three sections in the complete syllabus of class 12 chemistry they are, ‘physical’, ‘inorganic’ and ‘organic’ chemistry. It’s very important for the students to know about the complete syllabus before beginning their preparations for the exam reason being it will help them being mentally prepared and also to make a proper timetable for their studies.
CBSE class 12 chemistry syllabus with topics
| 1 | Solutions | Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, Raoult’s law, colligative properties – relative lowering of vapour pressure. Elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass, Van’t Hoff factor. |
| 2 | Electrochemistry | Redox reactions, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells, Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity. variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch’s Law, electrolysis and law of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell-electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells, lead accumulator, fuel cells, corrosion. |
| 3 | Chemical Kinetics | Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant. Integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order reactions), concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment), activation energy, Arrhenius equation. |
| 4 | d and f Block Elements | General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first row transition metals – metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation, preparation and properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4. Lanthanoids – Electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences. Actinoids – Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthanoids. |
| 5 | Coordination Compounds | Coordination compounds – Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding, Werner’s theory, VBT, and CFT; structure and stereoisomerism, importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological system). |
| 6 | Haloalkanes and Haloarenes | Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C–X bond, physical and chemical properties, optical rotation mechanism of substitution reactions. Haloarenes: Nature of C–X bond, substitution reactions (Directive influence of halogen in monosubstituted compounds only). Uses and environmental effects of – dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT. |
| 7 | Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers | Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only), identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydration, uses with special reference to methanol and ethanol. Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophillic substitution reactions, uses of phenols. Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses. |
| 8 | Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids | Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes, uses. Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses. |
| 9 | Amines | Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry. |
| 10 | Biomolecules | Carbohydrates – Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccahrides (glucose and fructose), D-L configuration oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen); Importance of carbohydrates. Proteins -Elementary idea of – amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, structure of proteins primary, secondary, tertiary structure and quaternary structures (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes. Hormones – Elementary idea excluding structure. Vitamins – Classification and functions. Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA. |
Complete overview
As discussed, class 12 chemistry syllabus is completely divided in 3 parts and they are Physical, Inorganic and Organic chemistry, now let’s see out of all the 10 chapters which chapters fits under the categories above.
Physical Chemistry –
- 1. Solutions
- 2. Electrochemistry
- 3. Chemical kinetics
Inorganic Chemistry –
- 1. d- and f- block elements
- 2. Coordination compounds
Organic Chemistry –
- 1. Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
- 2. Alcohols, phenols and Ethers
- 3. Aldehydes, ketones and Carboxylic Acid
- 4. Amines
- 5. Biomolcules
Strategy to complete the syllabus
It’s very important for the students to be well prepared for the exams by completing the syllabus on time and planning a proper schedule to complete the syllabus. Below are some tips that you can use for your studies.
- 1. Now since we know the syllabus, the first important thing to do is to create a plan of work or to create a timetable for your studies according to your exam dates and syllabus.
2. The most important thing is to prepare notes, which is not necessary as you can directly the handwritten notes from ezeenotes.in and directly start your prepartion without wasting anymore time.
3. Now, during the course of study or while your studying please keep in mind that understanding the concepts will help you rather than memorizing concepts or formulas.
4. Once, a chapter or a particular topic s completed it’s now time for you to revise the concepts and make sure you remeber the concepts you have studied. Reason being learning next concept is useless unless you have completely revised and understood the previous learned concepts.
5. It’s very important to be smart, so please go though previous year questions once the topic or chapter is completed with revision, by the way all these things are already included in chemistry ezeenotes.
6. Always remember “Success doesn’t come from what you do occasionally, it comes from what you do consistently“, so please always give the highest priority to your studies everytime.
We hope so that all the tips given above will be helpful in your studies and you will atleast try to implement it once and see results. Also study materials are the most important thing in a student’s study life so please visit ezeenotes.in to get your notes in handwritten+text format which is completely colourful and attractive.